Đàng Trong

Đàng Trong (chữ Nôm: 唐冲, lit. "Inner Circuit"), also known as Nam Hà (chữ Hán: 南河, "South of the River"), was the South region of Vietnam, under the lordship of the Nguyễn clan, later enlarged by the Vietnamese southward expansion. The word Đàng Trong first appeared in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum by Alexandre de Rhodes. Contemporary European sources called it Cochinchina or Quinam.

During the 17th century and almost all the 18th century, Đàng Trong was a de facto independent kingdom ruled by the Nguyễn lords while they claimed to be loyal subjects of the Lê emperors in Thăng Long (Hanoi). It was bordered by Đàng Ngoài along the Linh River (modern Gianh River in Quảng Bình Province). Nguyễn rulers titled themselves as Chúa (chữ Nôm: 主,lit. "Lord") instead of Vua (chữ Nôm: 𤤰,lit. "King") until Lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát officially claimed the title Vũ Vương (chữ Nôm: 武王,lit."Martial King") in 1744. The country did not have an official name (quốc hiệu), foreigners often called it the kingdom of Quảng Nam (chữ Hán: 廣南國; Vietnamese: Quảng Nam quốc), after the Quảng Nam Governorate where the important harbor Hội An (Faifo) located.