1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis

1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis
Part of the Guatemalan Civil War

Serrano (right) addresses a press conference after seizing power in a military-backed surprise coup de force, 25 May 1993
DateMay 25, 1993 – June 5, 1993
Location
Result
  • President Jorge Serrano Elías resigns; Gustavo Espina becomes interim president
  • Espina removed from office by the Congress of Guatemala; replaced by Ramiro de León
Belligerents
Executive branch
* President of Guatemala
* Council of Ministers
Congress
Constitutional Court
Supreme Court of Justice
Attorney General of the Nation
Chief Attorney General
Supreme Electoral Tribunal
Guatemalan populace
Supported by:
 Organization of American States
 United Nations
 United States
Commanders and leaders
Jorge Serrano Elías
Gustavo Espina
Aída de Castillo
Roxana Baldetti
Francisco Perdomo
Arturo Alvarado Pérez
Epaminondas González
Arturo Herbruger Asturias
Ramiro de León Carpio
Jorge García Laguardia
Others:
José Rubén Zamora

The 1993 Guatemala constitutional crisis took place in 1993 when then President Jorge Serrano Elías attempted a self-coup or autogolpe. On Tuesday May 25, 1993, Serrano illegally suspended the constitution, dissolved Congress and the Supreme Court, imposed censorship, and tried to restrict civil freedom.

The attempted self-coup was similar to the one carried out by Alberto Fujimori, but unlike Fujimori's, had no popular support: Serrano's action met with strong protests by most elements of Guatemalan society, at the forefront of which was the Siglo Veintiuno newspaper under the leadership of José Rubén Zamora. This was combined with international pressure (the Organization of American States condemned the autogolpe) and the army's enforcement of the decisions of the Constitutional Court, which ruled against the attempted takeover.

In the face of this pressure, Serrano resigned as president and fled the country. He was replaced on an interim basis by his vice president, Gustavo Espina. However, Espina was judged by the Constitutional Court to have been involved in the coup as well, and Congress replaced him with Human Rights Ombudsman Ramiro de León.