| 2006 Canadian census |
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| Country | Canada |
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| Total population | 31,612,897 ( 5.4%) |
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| Most populous province/territory | Ontario (12,160,282) |
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| Least populous province/territory | Nunavut (29,474) |
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The 2006 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 16, 2006. The following census was the 2011 census. Canada's total population enumerated by the 2006 census was 31,612,897. This count was lower than the official July 1, 2006 population estimate of 32,623,490 people. The previous census was the 2001 census and the following census was in 2011 census.