5.45×39mm

5.45×39mm
5.45×39mm cartridge
TypeRifle
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1974–present
Used bySoviet Union/Russian Federation, former Soviet republics, former Warsaw Pact
WarsAfghan War, Georgian Civil War, First Chechen War, Second Chechen War, Yugoslav Wars, War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), Syrian Civil War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Russian invasion of Ukraine
Production history
Designedearly 1970s
Variants5.45×39mm PSP
Specifications
Case typeRimless, bottleneck
Bullet diameter5.60 mm (0.220 in)
Land diameter5.40 mm (0.213 in)
Neck diameter6.29 mm (0.248 in)
Shoulder diameter9.25 mm (0.364 in)
Base diameter10.00 mm (0.394 in)
Rim diameter10.00 mm (0.394 in)
Rim thickness1.50 mm (0.059 in)
Case length39.82 mm (1.568 in)
Overall length57.00 mm (2.244 in)
Case capacity1.75 cm3 (27.0 gr H2O)
Rifling twist255 mm (1 in 10 inch) or
200 mm (1 in 7.87 inch)
Primer typeBerdan or Small rifle
Maximum pressure355.00 MPa (51,488 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
3.43 g (53 gr) 7N6 FMJ mild steel core 880 m/s (2,900 ft/s) 1,328 J (979 ft⋅lbf)
3.43 g (53 gr) 7N6M FMJ hardened steel core 880 m/s (2,900 ft/s) 1,328 J (979 ft⋅lbf)
3.62 g (56 gr) 7N10 FMJ enhanced penetration 880 m/s (2,900 ft/s) 1,402 J (1,034 ft⋅lbf)
3.69 g (57 gr) 7N22 AP hardened steel core 890 m/s (2,900 ft/s) 1,461 J (1,078 ft⋅lbf)
5.2 g (80 gr) 7U1 subsonic for silenced AKS-74UB 303 m/s (990 ft/s) 239 J (176 ft⋅lbf)
Test barrel length: 415 mm (16.3 in) and 200 mm (7.9 in) for 7U1
Source(s):

The 5.45×39mm cartridge is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge. It was introduced into service in 1974 by the Soviet Union for use with the new AK-74. The 5.45×39mm gradually supplemented and then largely replaced the 7.62×39mm cartridge in Soviet and Warsaw Pact service as the primary military service rifle cartridge.

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