Adropin

ENHO
Identifiers
Aliases	ENHO, C9orf165, UNQ470, energy homeostasis associated, Adropin, IPR034461
External IDs	MGI: 1916888; HomoloGene: 104312; GeneCards: ENHO; OMA:ENHO - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (human)
End	34,522,990 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	41,640,324 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	Amygdala; ; putamen; ; right frontal lobe; ; nucleus accumbens; ; caudate nucleus; ; cingulate gyrus; ; Hypothalamus; ; anterior cingulate cortex; ; Brodmann area 9; ; substantia nigra;
	Top expressed in
	otolith organ; ; utricle; ; islet of Langerhans; ; dorsal tegmental nucleus; ; deep cerebellar nuclei; ; medial vestibular nucleus; ; facial motor nucleus; ; pontine nuclei; ; anterior horn of spinal cord; ; medial dorsal nucleus;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hormone activity;
Cellular component	extracellular region; plasma membrane;
Biological process	positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway; insulin receptor signaling pathway; lipid biosynthetic process; regulation of signaling receptor activity; insulin secretion; glucose homeostasis; positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity; positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process; macromolecule metabolic process; signal transduction; negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of insulin secretion; negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	375704
	69638
	ENSG00000168913
	ENSMUSG00000028445
	Q6UWT2
	Q8K1D8
	NM_198573
	NM_027147
	NP_940975
	NP_081423
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Adropin is a protein encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated gene ENHO in humans and is highly conserved across mammals.

The biological role of adropin was first described in mice by Andrew Butler's team. They identified it as a protein hormone (hepatokine) secreted from the liver, playing a role in obesity and energy homeostasis. The name "Adropin" is derived from the Latin words "aduro" (to set fire to) and "pinguis" (fat). Adropin is produced in various tissues, including the liver, brain, heart, and gastrointestinal tract.

In animals, adropin regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and influences endothelial function. Its expression in the liver is controlled by feeding status, macronutrient content, as well as by the biological clock. Liver adropin is upregulated by estrogen via the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα).

In humans, lower levels of circulating adropin are linked to several medical conditions, including the metabolic syndrome, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. and inflammatory bowel disease. The brain exhibits the highest levels of adropin expression, In the brain, adropin has been shown to have a potential protective role against neurological disease, where it may play a protective role against neurological diseases, brain aging, cognitive decline, and acute ischemia. as well as following acute ischemia.

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR19 has been proposed as a receptor for adropin.