Aestus
| Country of origin | Germany | 
|---|---|
| First flight | 30 October 1997 | 
| Last flight | 25 July 2018 | 
| Designer | Ottobrunn Space Propulsion Centre | 
| Manufacturer | Astrium | 
| Application | Upper stage engine for the orbital insertion of heavy payloads | 
| Associated LV | ESA | 
| Successor | Aestus II | 
| Status | Retired | 
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | Nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) / MMH | 
| Mixture ratio | 1.9 | 
| Cycle | Pressure-fed engine | 
| Configuration | |
| Nozzle ratio | 84 | 
| Performance | |
| Thrust, vacuum | 29.6 kN (6,654 lbf) | 
| Chamber pressure | 11 bar | 
| Specific impulse, vacuum | 324 s (3.18 km/s) | 
| Burn time | 1100s | 
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 2.20 m | 
| Diameter | 1.31 m | 
| Dry mass | 111 kg | 
| Used in | |
| Ariane 5 G and ES Ariane 6.1 (proposed) | |
| References | |
| References | |
| Country of origin | Germany, United States | 
|---|---|
| Designer | Ottobrunn Space Propulsion Centre, Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne | 
| Manufacturer | Astrium, Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne | 
| Application | Upper stage engine for the orbital insertion of heavy payloads | 
| Associated LV | ESA | 
| Predecessor | Aestus | 
| Status | In development | 
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | Nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) / MMH | 
| Mixture ratio | 1.9 | 
| Cycle | Pump-fed engine | 
| Pumps | XLR-132 | 
| Configuration | |
| Nozzle ratio | 84 | 
| Performance | |
| Thrust, vacuum | 55.4 kN (12,450 lbf) | 
| Chamber pressure | 60 bar | 
| Specific impulse, vacuum | 340 s (3.3 km/s) | 
| Burn time | 600s | 
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 2.29 m | 
| Diameter | 1.31 m | 
| Dry mass | 138 kg | 
| References | |
| References | |
Aestus is a hypergolic liquid rocket engine used on an upper stage of Ariane 5 family rockets for the orbital insertion. It features unique design of 132 coaxial injection elements causing swirl mixing of the MMH propellants with nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer. The pressure-fed engine allows for multiple re-ignitions.