Allegations of intellectual property infringement by China

The People's Republic of China has been accused by the United States, other nations, and companies of state-organized economic espionage and infringement of intellectual property, in violation of international trade agreements. The espionage and IP infringement are not limited to business, but also include academia and government. The Ministry of State Security (MSS), united front groups, and their affiliates have been reported as frequent perpetrators of such infringement.

The government of the People's Republic of China has repeatedly denied the allegations, stating that Western companies willingly transfer technology to get access to mainland China's market. China, however, also state they are taking steps to address the concerns. In 2019, China banned forced technology transfers via the Foreign Investment Law.: 108 

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