Annam (French protectorate)
Protectorate of Annam | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1883-1949 | |||||||||
| Motto: "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" | |||||||||
| Anthem: "La Marseillaise" | |||||||||
| Imperial seal 皇帝之寶 (Hoàng Đế chi bảo) (Until 1945) | |||||||||
Administrative divisions of the French Protectorate of Annam in 1920. | |||||||||
| Status | Protectorate of France; constituent territory of French Indochina | ||||||||
| Capital | Huế | ||||||||
| Common languages | Cham, Bahnar, Rade, Jarai, Stieng, Mnong, Koho, Chinese (Notably Cantonese, Hakka), French, Vietnamese | ||||||||
| Religion | Mahayana Buddhism Confucianism Taoism Catholicism Folk religion Hinduism Islam | ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Annamite | ||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy under colonial administration | ||||||||
| Resident Superior | |||||||||
• 1886–1888 | Charles Dillon | ||||||||
• 1947–1949 | Henri Pierre Joseph Marie Lebris | ||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||
• 1884–1885 | Hàm Nghi | ||||||||
• 1889–1907 | Thành Thái | ||||||||
• 1916–1925 | Khải Định | ||||||||
• 1925–1945 | Bảo Đại | ||||||||
| Legislature | None (rule by decree) House of Representatives (de jure advisory body) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| 1883 | |||||||||
| 6 June 1884 | |||||||||
| 25 August 1945 | |||||||||
• Creation of the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam | 1948 | ||||||||
• Élysée Accords signed on March 8; ratification by the French in 1950, formally recognising the end of the protectorate over Vietnam | 1949 | ||||||||
| Currency | Vietnamese cash, French Indochinese piastre | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Vietnam | ||||||||
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Annam (chữ Hán: 安南; alternate spelling: Anam), or Trung Kỳ (中圻), was a French protectorate encompassing what is now Central Vietnam from 1883 to 1949. Like the French protectorate of Tonkin, it was nominally ruled by the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty. Before the protectorate's establishment, the name Annam was used in the West to refer to Vietnam as a whole; Vietnamese people were referred to as Annamites. The protectorate of Annam became a part of French Indochina in 1887. The region had a dual system of French and Vietnamese administration. The government of the Nguyễn Dynasty still nominally ruled Annam and Tonkin as the Empire of Đại Nam, with the emperor residing in Huế. On 27 May 1948, the protectorate was partly merged in the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, which was replaced the next year by the newly established State of Vietnam. The French legally maintained the protectorate until they formally signed over sovereignty to the Bảo Đại and the government of the State of Vietnam in 1950 after signing the Élysée Accords in 1949. The region was divided between communist North Vietnam and anti-communist South Vietnam under the terms of the Geneva Accord of 1954.