Antimony trisulfide
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC names
Antimony(III) sulfide Diantimony trisulfide | |
Other names
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.014.285 |
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| Sb2S3 | |
| Molar mass | 339.70 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Grey or black orthorhombic crystals (stibnite) |
| Density | 4.562g cm−3 (stibnite) |
| Melting point | 550 °C (1,022 °F; 823 K) (stibnite) |
| Boiling point | 1,150 °C (2,100 °F; 1,420 K) |
| 0.00017 g/(100 mL) (18 °C) | |
| −86.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
4.046 |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) |
123.32 J/(mol·K) |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−157.8 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
> 2000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb) |
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb) |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions |
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Other cations |
Arsenic trisulfide Bismuth(III) sulfide |
Related compounds |
Antimony pentasulfide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |
Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is found in nature as the crystalline mineral stibnite and the amorphous red mineral (actually a mineraloid) metastibnite. It is manufactured for use in safety matches, military ammunition, explosives and fireworks. It is also used as friction materials in break lining. It is very important critical primer material for military applications and tracer bullets. It also is used in the production of ruby-colored glass and in plastics as a flame retardant. Historically the stibnite form was used as a grey pigment in paintings produced in the 16th century. In 1817, the dye and fabric chemist, John Mercer discovered the non-stoichiometric compound Antimony Orange (approximate formula Sb2S3·Sb2O3), the first good orange pigment available for cotton fabric printing.
Antimony trisulfide was also used as the image sensitive photoconductor in vidicon camera tubes. It is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.8–2.5 eV. With suitable doping, p and n type materials can be produced.