Aquilegia paui

Aquilegia paui is a species of perennial flowering plant in the genus Aquilegia (columbines) in the family Ranunculaceae. The species has an extremely limited range, narrowly endemic only to the mountains of Ports de Tortosa-Beseit, a massif in the Province of Tarragona in Catalonia, northeastern Spain. Due to a herbarium filing error, and the absence of observations of A. paui from 1920 until 1999, the species was long considered a subspecies or synonym of Aquilegia vulgaris.

Growing up to 20 cm (7.9 in) tall, the species blooms in May and June. The flowers are bluish-purple with pale or whitish petals. The species has a small population that, as of 2011, numbered about 2,000 individuals spread across four subpopulations. Human activity, predation by the native Southeastern Spanish ibex, and poor genetic diversity have been cited as risks to the continued survival of A. paui.