Atenolol

Atenolol
Clinical data
Trade names	Tenormin, others
Other names	ICI-66082; ICI66082
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a684031
License data	US DailyMed: Atenolol;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C;
Routes of; administration	Oral, intravenous
Drug class	Selective β1 receptor antagonist
ATC code	C07AB03 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	50–60%
Protein binding	6–16%
Metabolism	Minimal (~5%)
Metabolites	• Hydroxyatenolol; • Atenolol glucuronide
Onset of action	IVTooltip Intravenous injection: <5 minutes; Oral: <1 hour
Elimination half-life	6–7 hours
Duration of action	>24 hours
Excretion	Oral: urine (40–50%), feces (50%); IVTooltip Intravenous injection: urine (85–100%), feces (10%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-2-{4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}acetamide;
CAS Number	29122-68-7 ;
PubChem CID	2249;
IUPHAR/BPS	548;
DrugBank	DB00335 ;
ChemSpider	2162 ;
UNII	50VV3VW0TI;
KEGG	D00235 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:2904 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL24 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2022628 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.044.941
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C14H22N2O3
Molar mass	266.341 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Chirality	Racemic mixture
	SMILES O=C(N)Cc1ccc(cc1)OCC(O)CNC(C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H22N2O3/c1-10(2)16-8-12(17)9-19-13-5-3-11(4-6-13)7-14(15)18/h3-6,10,12,16-17H,7-9H2,1-2H3,(H2,15,18) ; Key:METKIMKYRPQLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition. Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats. It is taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein). It can also be used with other blood pressure medications.

Common side effects include feeling tired, heart failure, dizziness, depression, and shortness of breath. Other serious side effects include bronchial spasm. Use is not recommended during pregnancy and alternative drugs are preferred when breastfeeding. It works by blocking β₁-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing heart rate, force of heart beats, and blood pressure.

Atenolol was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1975. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 63rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 10 million prescriptions.