Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

< Avoidant

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
SpecialtyPsychiatry
SymptomsAversion towards eating, hypersensitivity to food taste or texture, fear of trying new foods, weight loss, low appetite
ComplicationsMalnutrition, food neophobia, being underweight
DurationChronic
Risk factorsAutism, obsessive–compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, negative experiences from eating (e.g., choking, nausea from eating)

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding or eating disorder in which individuals significantly limit the volume or variety of foods they consume, causing malnutrition, weight loss, or psychosocial problems. Unlike eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, body image disturbance is not a root cause. Individuals with ARFID may have trouble eating due to the sensory characteristics of food (e.g., appearance, smell, texture, or taste), executive dysfunction, fears of choking or vomiting, low appetite, or a combination of these factors. While ARFID is most often associated with low weight, ARFID occurs across the whole weight spectrum.

ARFID was first included as a diagnosis in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published in 2013, extending and replacing the diagnosis of feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood included in prior editions. It was subsequently also included in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) published in 2022.

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