Battle of Cape Passaro

The Battle of Cape Passaro (also known as the Battle of Avola or the Battle of Syracuse) was a naval battle fought on 11 August 1718 between a fleet of the British Royal Navy under Admiral Sir George Byng and a fleet of the Spanish Navy under Rear-Admiral Antonio de Gaztañeta. It was fought off Cape Passaro, in the southern tip of Sicily, which Spain had occupied. Spain and Britain were at peace, but Britain was already committed to supporting the ambitions of the Emperor Charles VI in southern Italy.

The battle was fought without a formal declaration of war but once the Spanish fired on the nearest British ships, this gave Byng his excuse to attack. The British were superior in numbers. The battle was the most significant naval action of the War of the Quadruple Alliance and resulted in a decisive victory for the British fleet, with the Spanish ultimately losing 25 ships of varying sizes. Some of the Spanish ships were taken in the main action and some taken or burnt by their crews, who fled to the coast of Sicily; Castañeta and Chacón were captured. The Spanish army in Sicily was isolated. Four months later the War of the Quadruple Alliance was formally declared.