Begum Samru
| Begum Samru | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Begum Samru | |
| Ruler of the Principality (Jagir) of Sardhana | |
| Reign | 1778 − 1836 |
| Predecessor | Walter Reinhardt Sombre |
| Successor | David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre |
| Born | Farzana Zeb-un-Nissa c. 1753 Kutana, Meerut, Maratha Confederacy |
| Died | 27 January 1836 (aged 82–83) Sardhana, Mughal Empire |
| Burial | Basilica of Our Lady of Graces, Sardhana |
| Spouse | Walter Reinhardt Sombre |
| Occupation | Nautch girl Ruler of Sardhana |
Joanna Nobilis Sombre (c. 1753 – 27 January 1836), popularly known as Begum Samru (née Farzana Zeb un-Nissa), a convert Catholic Christian, started her career as a nautch (dancing) girl in 18th-century India, and eventually became the ruler of Sardhana, a small principality (jagir) near Meerut. She was the head of a professionally trained mercenary army, inherited from her European mercenary husband, Walter Reinhardt Sombre. This mercenary army consisted of Europeans and Indians. She is also regarded as the only Catholic ruler in Northern India, as she ruled the principality of Sardhana in 18th- and 19th-century India.
Begum Sumru died immensely rich but without an heir. Her inheritance was assessed at approximately 55.5 million gold marks in 1923 and 18 billion deutsch marks in 1953. Her inheritance continues to be disputed to this day. An organisation named "Reinhards Erbengemeinschaft" still strives to resolve the inheritance issue.