Belgrade–Bar railway

The Belgrade–Bar railway (Serbian: Пруга Београд–Бар, Pruga Beograd–Bar) is a 476.59 km (296.14 mi) long electrified main line connecting the Serbian capital of Belgrade with the town of Bar, a major seaport in Montenegro. Completed in 1976, which connects Belgrade with the Mediterranean port of Bar. It was built by the Yugoslav State Railways (JŽ) in 25 years of construction and is now operated by its successor companies Železnice Srbije (ŽS), Željeznice Republike Srpske (ŽRS) and Željeznička Infrastruktura Crne Gore (ŽICG).

The mountain railway crosses three mountain ranges in the Dinaric Mountains and has its highest point at 1,032 m (3,386 ft) south of this, the maximum gradient of the route is 25 ‰, north of it 17 ‰. The route in the difficult terrain required 254 tunnels and over 243 bridges. The route is considered one of the most difficult in Europe.

The connection from the Serbian capital to the Adriatic coast was one of the major railway projects in Europe in the second half of the 20th century. At the time, it was considered the most important railway construction project after the Second World War and the most expensive infrastructure project of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. At present, it is Serbia's shortest connection to a Mediterranean port and Montenegro's only international passenger transport connection. Albania has also been connected to the European railway network via the branch line Podgorica–Shkodra since 1986. From the opening of the line until 2018, the Belgrade Main station was the starting point for trains to Montenegro; since 2021, all trains have departed from Belgrade Centre station.