Budd–Chiari syndrome

Budd–Chiari syndrome
Budd–Chiari syndrome secondary to cancer; note clot in the inferior vena cava and the metastasis in the liver
SpecialtyHepatology
ComplicationsLiver failure
TreatmentAnticoagulant medication, Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, Liver transplantation
Named after

Budd–Chiari syndrome is a condition when an occlusion or obstruction in the hepatic veins prevent normal outflow of blood from the liver.

The symptoms are non-specific and vary widely, but it may present with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites, and liver enlargement. Untreated Budd-Chiari syndrome can result in liver failure.

It is usually seen in younger adults, with the median age at diagnosis between 35 and 40 years, and it has a similar incidence in males and females. It is a very rare condition, affecting one in a million adults. The syndrome can be fulminant, acute, chronic, or asymptomatic. Subacute presentation is the most common form.

Patients with hypercoagulable disorders, polycythemia vera, and hepatocellular carcinoma are at a higher risk of having Budd-Chiari syndrome.