CAD protein

CAD
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4BY3, 4C6B, 4C6C, 4C6D, 4C6E, 4C6F, 4C6I, 4C6J, 4C6K, 4C6L, 4C6M, 4C6N, 4C6O, 4C6P, 4C6Q, 5G1P, 5G1O, 5G1N
Identifiers
Aliases	CAD, CDG1Z, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase, GATD4, EIEE50, DEE50
External IDs	OMIM: 114010; MGI: 1916969; HomoloGene: 1412; GeneCards: CAD; OMA:CAD - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	27,243,943 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	31,235,823 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	body of uterus; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; right lobe of liver; ; gonad; ; ventricular zone; ; right testis; ; right uterine tube; ; left testis; ; right ovary; ; mucosa of transverse colon;
	Top expressed in
	internal carotid artery; ; epiblast; ; external carotid artery; ; gastrula; ; fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell; ; tibiofemoral joint; ; primitive streak; ; hair follicle; ; lobe of prostate; ; tail of embryo;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; protein kinase activity; nucleotide binding; amino acid binding; aspartate binding; zinc ion binding; hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amides; metal ion binding; dihydroorotase activity; ligase activity; catalytic activity; hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds; carboxyl- or carbamoyltransferase activity; enzyme binding; hydrolase activity; ATP binding; aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity; carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity; carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; membrane; nuclear matrix; nucleoplasm; extracellular exosome; nucleus; cytosol; cell projection; soma; terminal bouton; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	cellular amino acid metabolic process; pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process; glutamine metabolic process; nitrogen compound metabolic process; 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process; pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process; protein autophosphorylation; metabolism; peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; 'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process; urea cycle; arginine biosynthetic process; liver development; UTP biosynthetic process; heart development; female pregnancy; lactation; response to amine; citrulline biosynthetic process; response to caffeine; animal organ regeneration; response to insulin; response to testosterone; response to starvation; response to cortisol; carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process; cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	790
	69719
	ENSG00000084774
	ENSMUSG00000013629
	P27708
	B2RQC6
	NM_001306079; NM_004341
	NM_001289522; NM_001289523; NM_023525
	NP_001293008; NP_004332
	NP_001276451; NP_001276452; NP_076014; NP_001390328; NP_001390329
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) is a trifunctional multi-domain enzyme involved in the first three steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis. De-novo synthesis starts with cytosolic carbamoylphosphate synthetase II which uses glutamine, carbon dioxide and ATP. This enzyme is inhibited by uridine triphosphate (feedback inhibition).

In 2015, the first observed pathological mutations of CAD were found in a four-year-old boy.

CAD protein has been observed in the mid-piece of mammalian spermatozoa, among the mitochondria.