Chloroform

Chloroform
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Trichloromethane
	Other names Chloroformium; Freon 20; Methane trichloride; Methyl trichloride; Methenyl trichloride; Methenyl chloride; Refrigerant-20; terchloride/perchloride of formyle (archaic); Trichloretum Formylicum (Latin);
Identifiers
CAS Number	67-66-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Abbreviations	R-20, TCM
ChEBI	CHEBI:35255 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL44618 ;
ChemSpider	5977 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.603
EC Number	200-663-8;
KEGG	C13827 ;
PubChem CID	6212;
RTECS number	FS9100000;
UNII	7V31YC746X ;
UN number	1888
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1020306 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CHCl3/c2-1(3)4/h1H Key: HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/CHCl3/c2-1(3)4/h1H Key: HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYAG;
	SMILES ClC(Cl)Cl;
Properties
Chemical formula	CHCl3
Molar mass	119.37 g·mol−1
Appearance	Highly refractive colorless liquid
Odor	Sweet, minty, pleasant
Density	1.564 g/cm3 (−20 °C); 1.489 g/cm3 (25 °C); 1.394 g/cm3 (60 °C)
Melting point	−63.5 °C (−82.3 °F; 209.7 K)
Boiling point	61.15 °C (142.07 °F; 334.30 K) ; decomposes at 450 °C
Solubility in water	10.62 g/L (0 °C); 8.09 g/L (20 °C); 7.32 g/L (60 °C)
Solubility	Soluble in benzene; Miscible in diethyl ether, oils, ligroin, alcohol, CCl4, CS2
Solubility in acetone	≥ 100 g/L (19 °C)
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide	≥ 100 g/L (19 °C)
Vapor pressure	0.62 kPa (−40 °C); 7.89 kPa (0 °C); 25.9 kPa (25 °C); 313 kPa (100 °C); 2.26 MPa (200 °C)
Henry's law; constant (kH)	3.67 L·atm/mol (24 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	15.7 (20 °C)
UV-vis (λmax)	250 nm, 260 nm, 280 nm
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−59.30·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity	0.13 W/(m·K) (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD)	1.4459 (20 °C)
Viscosity	0.563 cP (20 °C)
Structure
Molecular shape	Tetrahedral
Dipole moment	1.15 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	114.25 J/(mol·K)
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	202.9 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−134.3 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	−71.1 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of; combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	473.21 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	N01AB02 (WHO)
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Decomposes into phosgene and hydrogen chloride in presence of heat – likely carcinogenic – reproductive toxicity – hepatotoxic
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H302, H315, H319, H331, H336, H351, H361d, H372
Precautionary statements	P201, P202, P235, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	Nonflammable
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	704 mg/kg (mouse, dermal)
LC50 (median concentration)	47,702 mg/m3 (rat, 4 hr)
LCLo (lowest published)	20,000 ppm (guinea pig, 2 hr); 7,056 ppm (cat, 4 hr); 25,000 ppm (human, 5 min);
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	50 ppm (240 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)	Ca ST 2 ppm (9.78 mg/m3) [60-minute]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	500 ppm
Safety data sheet (SDS)
Related compounds
Related compounds	Deuterated chloroform CDCl3; Chloromethane CH3Cl; Dichloromethane CH2Cl2; Tetrachloromethane CCl4; Fluoroform CHF3; Bromoform CHBr3; Iodoform CHI3; Chlorodifluoromethane CHF2Cl; Dichlorofluoromethane CHFCl2; Bromodichloromethane CHCl2Br; Dibromochloromethane CHClBr2; Bromodifluoromethane CHF2Br; Dibromofluoromethane CHFBr2;
Supplementary data page
	Chloroform (data page)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula C H Cl₃ and a common solvent. It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Chloroform was once used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).