Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union
| Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union | |
|---|---|
Demolition of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow. 5. December 1931. | |
| Location | Soviet Union |
| Date | 1922–1991 |
| Target | Christians |
Attack type | Persecution, summary execution, mass killing, politicide, forced labour, torture, imprisonment, deportation, prison shootings, forced atheism, indoctrination, and starvation |
| Perpetrators | Soviet Union, Soviet Armed Forces |
| Motive | Anti-Christian sentiment, sovietization, antireligion |
| Mass repression in the Soviet Union |
|---|
| Economic repression |
| Political repression |
| Ideological repression |
| Ethnic repression |
Throughout the history of the Soviet Union (1922–1991), there were periods when Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on state interests. Soviet Marxist-Leninist policy consistently advocated the control, suppression, and ultimately, the elimination of religious beliefs, and it actively encouraged the propagation of Marxist-Leninist atheism in the Soviet Union. However, most religions were never officially outlawed.
The state advocated the destruction of religion, and to achieve this goal, it officially denounced religious beliefs as superstitious and backward. The Communist Party destroyed churches, synagogues, and mosques, ridiculed, harassed, incarcerated and executed religious leaders, as part of the promotion of state atheism. Religious beliefs and practices persisted among some of the population.
From 1917 until 1991, Christians were imprisoned by Soviet authorities for numerous reasons such as protesting antireligious policies, leading congregations, conducting missionary work, organizing Sunday schools, mobilizing the youth to Christian societies, political opposition to Soviet power, national or class identity, and ordinary crimes.