Circumcision and HIV

Male circumcision reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from HIV positive women to men in high risk populations. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reiterated that male circumcision is an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention if carried out by medical professionals under safe conditions. Circumcision reduces the risk that a man will acquire HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from an infected female partner through vaginal sex. The evidence regarding whether circumcision helps prevent HIV is not as clear among men who have sex with men (MSM). The effectiveness of using circumcision to prevent HIV in the developed world is not determined.