Glass coloring and color marking

The appearance of different colors in glass is largely due to the way light interacts with the materials it contains. In an extremely pure glass, without impurities such as bubbles, coloring ions, or crystalline and nano-sized phases, all visible light would pass through, and the glass would appear completely transparent. When such impurities are present, they selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light, resulting in coloured glass.

Glass coloring and color marking may be obtained in several ways.

  1. by the addition of coloring ions,
  2. by precipitation of nanometer-sized colloids (so-called striking glasses such as "gold ruby" or red "selenium ruby"),
  3. by colored inclusions (as in milk glass and smoked glass)
  4. by light scattering (as in phase separated glass)
  5. by dichroic coatings (see dichroic glass), or
  6. by colored coatings
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