Copper Country strike of 1913–1914

Copper Country Strike of 1913–1914
Copper Country Strike of 1913–1914
Date	July 23, 1913 – April 13, 1914
Location	Copper Country, Michigan
Goals	Eight-hour day ; Higher wages
Methods	Strikes, Protest, Demonstrations
Resulted in	Victory for the mining companies and its allies
Parties
Western Federation of Miners Supported by: American Federation of Labor	Select mining companies of the Copper Country: Ahmeek Mining Company; Calumet and Hecla Mining Company; Isle Royale Mining Company; Laurium Mining Company; Quincy Mining Company; Tamarack Mining Company; Strikebreaking agencies: Waddell-Mahon Corporation; Burns Detective Agency; Ascher Detective Agency; Pinkerton National Detective Agency; Other allies of the mining companies and pro-management forces: Citizens' Alliance; Houghton County Sheriff's Office; Michigan National Guard;
Lead figures
	Charles Moyer James MacNaughton
Number
14,000	Unknown number of forces
Casualties and losses
Deaths: 83+ ; Injuries: unknown ; Arrests: unknown	Deaths: 1 ; Injuries: unknown

The Copper Country strike of 1913–1914 was a major strike affecting all copper mines in the Copper Country of Michigan. The strike, organized by the Western Federation of Miners, was the first unionized strike within the Copper Country. It was called to achieve goals of shorter work days, higher wages, union recognition, and to maintain family mining groups. The strike lasted just over nine months, including the Italian Hall disaster on Christmas Eve, and ended with the union being effectively driven out of the Keweenaw Peninsula. While unsuccessful, the strike is considered a turning point in the history of the Copper Country.