Demographics of Turkey
| Demographics of Turkey | |
|---|---|
Population pyramid of Turkey in 2024 | |
| Population | 85,664,944 (31 December 2024) |
| Density | 111/km2 (290/sq mi) (2024) |
| Growth rate | 0.34% (2024) |
| Birth rate | 11.0 births/1,000 population (2024) |
| Death rate | 6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023) |
| Life expectancy | 77.3 years (2023) |
| • male | 74.7 years |
| • female | 80 years |
| Fertility rate | 1.48 children born/woman (2024) |
| Infant mortality rate | 10.0 deaths/1,000 live births (2023) |
| Net migration rate | −3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023) |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 20.9% (male 9,196,102/female 8,730,463) |
| 15–64 years | 68.4% (male 29,589,637/female 29,036,444) |
| 65 and over | 10.6% (male 4,067,371/female 5,044,927) (2024) |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
| At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| 15–64 years | 1.03 male(s)/female |
| 65 and over | 0.83 male(s)/female |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Turkish citizen |
| Major ethnic | Turkish (70–75%) |
| Minor ethnic |
|
| Language | |
| Official | Turkish (87.6%) |
| Spoken | |
Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
As of 31 December 2024, the population of Turkey was 85.7 million with an annual growth rate of 0.34%. However, this official population number excludes the registered Syrian refugees under temporary protection status which have a population of about 2.9 million as of 2025.
Turks are the largest ethnic group, comprising 70–75% of the population while Kurds are the second largest with 19%. The others, including Armenians, Arabs, Assyrians, Albanians, Bosniaks, Circassians, Chechens, Georgians, Pomaks, Romani, Laz people make 6–11% of the population according to 2016 estimate of CIA.
The population has been aging in recent years, with just 20.9% falling in the 0–14 age bracket (down from 26.4% in 2007). The population over the age of 65 is 10.6% (up from 7.1% in 2007). As of 2024, the median age of the Turkish population is 34.4 years (up from 28.3 in 2007). According to OECD/World Bank population statistics, from 1990 to 2008 the population growth in Turkey was 16 million or 29%.