Dispute between a man and his Ba

The Dispute between a man and his Ba or The Debate Between a Man and his Soul: 3  is an ancient Egyptian text probably written during the rule of Amenemhat III in the Middle Kingdom: 9 . However, the composition took place earlier because corrections and misreadings in the existing text show it to be a copy: 9 .

The text is considered to fall into the genre of Sebayt, a form of Egyptian wisdom literature. The text takes the form of a dialogue between a man struggling to come to terms with the hardship of life, and his ba soul: 3 . The text has received significant scholarly attention: 34 , and has been translated to English at least 26 times: 1 .

The text has survived in four papyrus fragments, containing of 184 columns of hieratic writing: 9 . The surviving text is not complete, and it has been estimated to miss ca. 29 columns: 10 . Further fragments were published in 2017 including the previously absent beginning of the text: 16 .

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