Double-nail illusion

The double-nail illusion is a multi-modal illusion in which two similar physical objects, that are located the one behind the other in depth, do not appear to be visually behind each other but next to each other, in depth approximately halfway between the two physically present objects.

This observation cannot be explained on the basis of classical theories of binocular depth perception (Krol 1982, p. 28-33), but it can be explained with binocular ghosts in a neural network.

The basic setup was mentionned in 1950 by Rønne and rediscovered and systematically investigated in 1978 by Krol, see the reaearch history.

The conditions for the illusion and the main observations are described under basic double-nail illusion, under measurements of ghost images and under variations. Related observations are listed under edges and surfaces.

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