Electricity sector in India
| Data | |
|---|---|
| Electricity coverage | 99.94% (31 March 2019) |
| Installed capacity | 467,885 MW |
| Production (FY2024) | 1,948.956 TWh |
| GHG emissions from electricity generation (2018) | 2,309.98 million metric tons of CO2 |
| Average electricity use (FY2024) | 1,395 kWh per capita |
| Transmission & Distribution losses (FY2022-23) | 17.68% |
| Consumption by sector (% of total) | |
| Residential | 25.77% (FY2022) |
| Industrial | 41.16% (FY2022) |
| Agriculture | 17.67% (FY2022) |
| Commercial | 8.29% (FY2022) |
| Traction | 1.53% (FY2022) |
| Tariffs and financing | |
| Average residential tariff (US$/kW·h, Dec. 2020) | ₹5.75 (6.8¢ US) |
| Average commercial tariff (US$/kW·h, Dec. 2020) | ₹8.64 (10¢ US) |
| Services | |
| Share of private sector in generation | 33.46% (FY2020) |
| Institutions | |
| Responsibility for policy-setting | Ministry of Power |
| Responsibility for renewable energy | Ministry of New and Renewable Energy |
| Responsibility for the environment | Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change |
| Electricity sector law | Electricity Act, 2003 |
India is the third largest electricity producer globally. During the fiscal year (FY) 2023–24, the total electricity generation in the country was 1,949 TWh, of which 1,734 TWh was generated by utilities.
The gross electricity generation per capita in FY2023-24 was 1,395 kWh. In FY2015, electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded as being the highest (17.89%) worldwide. The per capita electricity consumption is low compared to most other countries despite India having a low electricity tariff.
The Indian national electric grid has an installed capacity of 467.885 GW as of 31 March 2025. Renewable energy plants, which also include large hydroelectric power plants, constitute 46.3% of the total installed capacity.
India’s electricity generation is more carbon-intensive (713 grams CO2 per kWh) than the global average (480 gCO2/kWh), with coal accounting for three quarters of generation in 2023.
The government declared its efforts to increase investment in renewable energy. Under the government's 2023-2027 National Electricity Plan, India will not build any new fossil fuel power plants in the utility sector, aside from those currently under construction. It is expected that non-fossil fuel generation contribution is likely to reach around 44.7% of the total gross electricity generation by 2029–30.