Enrofloxacin

Enrofloxacin
Clinical data
Trade names	Baytril, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
License data	US DailyMed: Enrofloxacin;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B3;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, subcutaneous, intramuscular
ATCvet code	QJ01MA90 (WHO) QD06BA51 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	80% in dogs, 65-75% in sheep
Metabolism	Kidney and non-kidney
Elimination half-life	4–5 hours in dogs, 6 hours in cats, 1.5 - 4.5 hours in sheep
Excretion	Bile duct (70%); kidney (30%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid;
CAS Number	93106-60-6 ;
PubChem CID	71188;
DrugBank	DB11404;
ChemSpider	64326 ;
UNII	3DX3XEK1BN;
KEGG	D02473 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:35720 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL15511 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1045619 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.131.355
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C19H22FN3O3
Molar mass	359.401 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	219 to 221 °C (426 to 430 °F)
	SMILES O=C(O)\C3=C\N(c2cc(N1CCN(CC)CC1)c(F)cc2C3=O)C4CC4;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H22FN3O3/c1-2-21-5-7-22(8-6-21)17-10-16-13(9-15(17)20)18(24)14(19(25)26)11-23(16)12-3-4-12/h9-12H,2-8H2,1H3,(H,25,26) ; Key:SPFYMRJSYKOXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Enrofloxacin, sold under the brand name Baytril, among others, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of animals. It is a bactericidal agent.

The bactericidal activity of enrofloxacin is concentration-dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Enrofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication. Enrofloxacin is partially deethylated by CYP450 into the active metabolite ciprofloxacin, which is also a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

In September 2005, the FDA withdrew approval of enrofloxacin for use in water to treat flocks of poultry, as the practice was noted to promote the evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of the bacterium Campylobacter, a human pathogen. Enrofloxacin is available as a fixed-dose combination medication with silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of canine otitis externa. It is available as a generic medication.