Export Administration Regulations

The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) are a set of United States export guidelines and prohibitions. They are administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security, which regulates the export restrictions of sensitive goods. The EAR apply to most U.S. origin items, foreign-produced items that incorporate controlled U.S. items, and certain "foreign-produced direct products" of U.S. items or technology, (e.g., foreign-made integrated circuits designed with U.S. electronic design automation software or manufactured with U.S.-made manufacturing equipment).

In general, there are three types of controls applied by the EAR:

  1. Technology controls: These are controls based on the item being exported, these are usually listed on the Commerce Control List.
  2. End-user controls: These are controls based on the ultimate end user, many of these end users are listed on the Entity List.
  3. End-use controls: These are controls based on the ultimate end use of the control.
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