FOXP3

FOXP3
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3QRF, 4WK8
Identifiers
Aliases	FOXP3, AIID, DIETER, IPEX, JM2, PIDX, XPID, forkhead box P3
External IDs	OMIM: 300292; MGI: 1891436; HomoloGene: 8516; GeneCards: FOXP3; OMA:FOXP3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human)
End	49,270,477 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	X chromosome (mouse)
End	7,461,484 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	gonad; ; testicle; ; tendon of biceps brachii; ; lymph node; ; cecum; ; appendix; ; blood; ; tonsil; ; gallbladder; ; granulocyte;
	Top expressed in
	urethra; ; male urethra; ; blastocyst; ; embryo; ; pharynx; ; thymus; ; meninges; ; tail of embryo; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; neural layer of retina;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	sequence-specific DNA binding; NF-kappaB binding; transcription corepressor activity; nucleic acid binding; transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding; protein binding; histone deacetylase binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; NFAT protein binding; histone acetyltransferase binding; metal ion binding; DNA binding; protein homodimerization activity; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding;
Cellular component	nucleus; intracellular anatomical structure; cytoplasm; nucleoplasm; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	negative regulation of cell population proliferation; negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; B cell homeostasis; regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes; myeloid cell homeostasis; negative regulation of inflammatory response; positive regulation of interleukin-4 production; regulation of immunoglobulin production; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; regulation of T cell anergy; negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; tolerance induction to self antigen; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity; positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction; negative regulation of immune response; negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; tolerance induction; regulatory T cell differentiation; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; negative regulation of interleukin-2 production; positive regulation of histone acetylation; negative regulation of interleukin-5 production; negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response; CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation; positive regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of interleukin-4 production; negative regulation of interleukin-10 production; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; T cell homeostasis; negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity; negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation; T cell activation; positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus; positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction; positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation; negative regulation of histone acetylation; negative regulation of interleukin-17 production; response to virus; negative regulation of histone deacetylation; CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment; positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation; negative regulation of T cell proliferation; chromatin remodeling; cytokine production; negative regulation of T cell cytokine production; negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes; T cell receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of T cell anergy; transcription, DNA-templated; T cell mediated immunity; negative regulation of gene expression; anatomical structure morphogenesis; regulation of Wnt signaling pathway; regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	50943
	20371
	ENSG00000049768
	ENSMUSG00000039521
	Q9BZS1
	Q99JB6
	NM_001114377; NM_014009
	NM_001199347; NM_001199348; NM_054039
	NP_001107849; NP_054728
	NP_001186276; NP_001186277; NP_473380
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

FOXP3 (forkhead box P3), also known as scurfin, is a protein involved in immune system responses. A member of the FOX protein family, FOXP3 appears to function as a master regulator of the regulatory pathway in the development and function of regulatory T cells. Regulatory T cells generally turn the immune response down. In cancer, an excess of regulatory T cell activity can prevent the immune system from destroying cancer cells. In autoimmune disease, a deficiency of regulatory T cell activity can allow other autoimmune cells to attack the body's own tissues.

While the precise control mechanism has not yet been established, FOX proteins belong to the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators and are presumed to exert control via similar DNA binding interactions during transcription. In regulatory T cell model systems, the FOXP3 transcription factor occupies the promoters for genes involved in regulatory T-cell function, and may inhibit transcription of key genes following stimulation of T cell receptors.