Form-based code

A Form-Based Code (FBC) is a means of regulating land development to achieve a specific urban form. Form-Based Codes foster predictable built results and a high-quality public realm by using physical form (rather than separation of uses) as the organizing principle, with less focus on land use, through municipal regulations. Considering the relationship of buildings to the streetscape, allowing for cohesive, walk-accessible, and economically productive neighbourhoods. An FBC is a regulation, not a mere guideline, adopted into city, town, or county law and offers a powerful alternative to conventional zoning regulation. This streamlines land development projects by reducing bureaucratic barriers and fostering organic growth that evolves alongside community needs that is more responsive.

Rooted in established urban design principles that prioritize human-scale environments, pedestrian accessibility, and efficient land use. By focusing on the spatial relationships between buildings, streets, and public spaces rather than rigid land-use classifications, Form-Based zoning fosters vibrant, walkable communities. This approach aligns with key urban planning concepts such as New Urbanism, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), and the 15-minute city model, all of which emphasize Mixed-Use neighbourhoods, active transportation, and reduced car-dependency. Cities adopting Form-Based codes often see a significant improvement to their street connectivity, more efficient use of public infrastructure, and more accessible city due to the seamless integration of commercial, residential, and civic spaces.

Form-Based Codes are a new response to the modern challenges of urban sprawl, deterioration of historic neighborhoods, and neglect of pedestrian safety in new development. Tradition has declined as a guide to development patterns, and the widespread adoption by cities of single-use zoning regulations has discouraged compact, walkable urbanism. Form-Based Codes are a tool to address these deficiencies, and to provide local governments the regulatory means to achieve development objectives with greater certainty.