Four Lines Modernisation
The Four Lines Modernisation (4LM) is a series of projects by Transport for London (TfL) to modernise and upgrade the sub-surface lines of the London Underground: the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. The upgrades entail new rolling stock, new automatic signalling and new track and drainage. New trains were delivered between 2010 and 2017, with automatic signalling completed on the Circle line in March 2022 and on the Hammersmith and City line in January 2023.