GDF11

GDF11
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5E4G
Identifiers
Aliases	GDF11, BMP-11, BMP11, growth differentiation factor 11, VHO
External IDs	OMIM: 603936; MGI: 1338027; HomoloGene: 21183; GeneCards: GDF11; OMA:GDF11 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	55,757,264 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (mouse)
End	128,727,587 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	retinal pigment epithelium; ; internal globus pallidus; ; tendon of biceps brachii; ; ventral tegmental area; ; subthalamic nucleus; ; superior vestibular nucleus; ; vena cava; ; endothelial cell; ; Pons; ; stromal cell of endometrium;
	Top expressed in
	spinal ganglia; ; superior cervical ganglion; ; tail of embryo; ; upper arm; ; mesenchyme; ; genital tubercle; ; olfactory bulb; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; ureter; ; quadriceps femoris muscle;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	cytokine activity; transforming growth factor beta receptor binding; growth factor activity; protein binding;
Cellular component	intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; nucleoplasm; extracellular region; extracellular space; cellular component; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	regulation of apoptotic process; skeletal system development; roof of mouth development; ureteric bud development; regulation of MAPK cascade; spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning; cell development; negative regulation of cell differentiation; positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation; cell maturation; nervous system development; animal organ morphogenesis; pancreas development; mesoderm development; metanephros development; camera-type eye morphogenesis; anterior/posterior pattern specification; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; SMAD protein signal transduction; regulation of signaling receptor activity; negative regulation of neuron differentiation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	10220
	14561
	ENSG00000135414
	ENSMUSG00000025352
	O95390
	Q9Z1W4
	NM_005811
	NM_010272
	NP_005802
	NP_034402
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the growth differentiation factor 11 gene. GDF11 is a member of the Transforming growth factor beta family.

GDF11 acts as a cytokine and its sequence is highly conserved between in humans, mice and rats. The bone morphogenetic protein group is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site, which is cleaved to produce a protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues.