GLRX2

GLRX2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2CQ9, 2FLS, 2HT9
Identifiers
Aliases	GLRX2, CGI-133, GRX2, glutaredoxin 2
External IDs	OMIM: 606820; MGI: 1916617; HomoloGene: 41098; GeneCards: GLRX2; OMA:GLRX2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	193,106,114 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	143,625,414 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	sperm; ; left testis; ; right testis; ; oocyte; ; endothelial cell; ; Pons; ; right ventricle; ; left ventricle; ; Brodmann area 23; ; secondary oocyte;
	Top expressed in
	ventricular zone; ; facial motor nucleus; ; endocardial cushion; ; atrioventricular valve; ; seminiferous tubule; ; neural layer of retina; ; Region I of hippocampus proper; ; lobe of prostate; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; muscle of thigh;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	metal ion binding; arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity; electron transfer activity; glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity; iron-sulfur cluster binding; protein-disulfide reductase activity; 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding; protein disulfide isomerase activity;
Cellular component	nucleoplasm; mitochondrion; mitochondrial matrix; nucleus; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; soma; dendrite;
Biological process	glutathione metabolic process; DNA protection; response to temperature stimulus; response to redox state; regulation of signal transduction; apoptotic process; ageing; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; response to organic substance; response to hydrogen peroxide; cell differentiation; cellular response to superoxide; cell redox homeostasis; electron transport chain;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	51022
	69367
	ENSG00000023572
	ENSMUSG00000018196
	Q9NS18
	Q923X4
	NM_001243399; NM_016066; NM_197962
	NM_001038592; NM_001038593; NM_001038594; NM_023505
	NP_001230328; NP_057150; NP_932066
	NP_001033681; NP_001033682; NP_001033683; NP_075994
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Glutaredoxin 2 (GLRX2) is an enzyme that in humans encoded by the GLRX2 gene. GLRX2, also known as GRX2, is a glutaredoxin family protein and a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that maintains cellular thiol homeostasis. This gene consists of four exons and three introns, spanned 10 kilobase pairs, and localized to chromosome 1q31.2–31.3.

Alternative splicing of GLRX2 leads to three isoforms of Grx2. One isoform, Grx2a, localizes to the mitochondria, is ubiquitously expressed in tissues (e.g. heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver), regulates mitochondrial redox homeostasis, and protects cells against oxidative stress. Isoforms Grx2b and Grx2c, both localized to the nucleus and cytosol, are expressed only in testes and cancer cell lines and facilitate cellular differentiation and transformation, potentially inducing tumor progression.