Gamasoidosis
| Gamasoidosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Acariasis, avian mite dermatitis, bird mite dermatitis, fowl mite dermatitis, dermanyssosis |
| Dermanyssus gallinae piercing skin with its long chelicerae to reach dermal capillaries (not to scale). | |
| Specialty | Dermatology, medical parasitology |
| Symptoms | Pruritic erythematous papules, macules, urticaria, itching, skin irritation |
| Causes | Infestation with avian mites (Dermanyssus and Ornithonyssus species) |
| Risk factors | Close proximity to birds or infested environments, urban nesting birds, poultry farming |
| Diagnostic method | Clinical signs, microscopic identification of mites, dermatoscopy |
| Differential diagnosis | Scabies, cheyletiellosis, trombiculosis, bedbug infestations, urticarial dermatitis, delusional parasitosis |
| Frequency | Increasing in urban and occupational settings |
Gamasoidosis, also known as dermanyssosis, is a frequently unrecognized form of zoonotic dermatitis, following human infestation with avian mites of the genera Dermanyssus or Ornithonyssus. It is characterized by pruritic erythematous papules, macules and urticaria, with itching and irritation resulting from the saliva the mites secrete while feeding. These bites are observed all over the body. The avian mite Dermanyssus gallinae can also infest various parts of the body, including the ear canal and scalp.
Diagnosis is challenging due to the mites' size, requiring microscopic identification by a medical entomologist, and the clinical symptoms often mimic other conditions, such as scabies or allergic reactions. The atypical or delayed responses to mite bites, coupled with widespread ignorance and misinformation among healthcare providers, scientists, and pest control professionals, contribute to frequent underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis, hindering effective management and treatment.
Gamasoidosis is linked to avian mites infesting residential, public and agricultural spaces, with a potential health threat due to the transmission of zoonotic pathogens by D. gallinae. Treatment involves eliminating mites from the environment—a process complicated by their resilience and rapid reproduction—and managing patient symptoms, which are typically self-limiting but may require supportive care.
The condition poses a growing public health concern, linked to urbanization, occupational risks, and zoonotic pathogens. Limited awareness and misdiagnoses highlight the need for a "One Health" approach, integrating experts to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for better human and animal health.