Gopakumar–Vafa duality

Gopakumar–Vafa duality is a duality in string theory, hence a correspondence between two different theories, in this case between Chern–Simons theory and Gromov–Witten theory. The latter is known as the mathematical equivalent of string theory in mathematics and counts pseudoholomorphic curves on a symplectic manifold, similar to Gopakumar–Vafa invariants and Pandharipande–Thomas invariants. Gopakumar–Vafa duality is named after Rajesh Gopakumar and Cumrun Vafa, who first described it in 1998.