Grand coalition (Germany)

In German politics, a grand coalition (German: Große Koalition [ˈɡʁoːsə koaliˈt͡si̯oːn] ⓘ, shortened to: German: Groko [ˈɡʁoːkoː] ⓘ) is a governing coalition between the two parties with the most parliamentarians on federal or state level. The term is generally linked to a coalition between centre-right CDU/CSU alliance (Union, consisting of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) parties) and the centre-left Social Democratic Party (SPD), since they have historically been the major parties in most state and federal elections since 1949. The meaning of the term changed due to the growth of some formerly minor parties in recent years. The last formation of a coalition between those parties, after the 2025 federal election, marked the first time, that one of the two parties does not have the most or 2nd most parlamentarians (the AfD won the second most seats). Therefore the latest coalition between the alliance and SPD is often instead described as a black-red coalition (referring to the colors of the CDU/CSU alliance and that of the SPD).

If the coalition also includes the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP), it is called a "Germany coalition" (German: Deutschland-Koalition (de)), with the party colors matching the flag of Germany: black for CDU/CSU, red for SPD and yellow for FDP.

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