Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
T2-weighted MRI showing a necrotic brain abscess as a result of GAE caused by an infection of Acanthamoeba.
SpecialtyInfectious diseases 
SymptomsFever, headaches, personality changes
Complicationsseizures, coma, risk of death
CausesAcanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Sappinia pedata
TreatmentNitroxoline, miltefosine

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a rare, often fatal, subacute-to-chronic central nervous system disease caused by certain species of free-living amoebae of the genera Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia and Sappinia. The term is most commonly used with Acanthamoeba. In more modern references, the term "balamuthia amoebic encephalitis" (BAE) is commonly used when Balamuthia mandrillaris is the cause. Similarly, Sappinia amoebic encephalitis (SAE) is the name for amoebic encephalitis caused by species of Sappinia.