Gual and España conspiracy

The Gual and España conspiracy (1797) was a pro-independence movement that originated in the port city of La Guaira in Colonial Venezuela. It was led by José María España and Manuel Gual, two white creoles. The Spanish revolutionary, Juan Bautista Mariano Picornell y Gomila, was involved. It is also believed that Simón Rodríguez, an early teacher of Simón Bolívar, was also involved.

The conspiracy of Gual and España was reported on 13 July to Captain General Pedro Carbonell, who ordered a persecution against the conspirators, in which 49 Creoles and 21 Spaniards were arrested. Both Gual and España escaped to the neighboring English colony of Trinidad. A reward was put on their heads.

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