Hōkōkai

The Hōkōkai (Japanese: 奉公会, romanized: Hōkōkai, lit. 'Service Society', Indonesian: Himpunan Kebaktian Rakjat) were associations formed by the Empire of Japan on 8 January 1944 to replace the Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (Putera; "People's Power Center") during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) in World War II. The original incarnation of the Hōkōkai was formed on Java by the commander of the Sixteenth Army, General Kumakichi Harada, after the Japanese realized that the Putera had exacerbated the desire for Indonesian independence rather than promote Japan's local interests in its war against the Allies.

Unlike Putera, the Hōkōkai avoided inclusion of Japanese officials in its membership. Instead, members were community leaders from across social classes, both native Indonesians and other ethnic groups such as the Chinese, Indians, and Arabs.