HES1

HES1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2MH3
Identifiers
Aliases	HES1, HES-1, HHL, HRY, bHLHb39, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 139605; MGI: 104853; HomoloGene: 38067; GeneCards: HES1; OMA:HES1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	194,138,732 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	29,886,614 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	renal medulla; ; ventricular zone; ; nipple; ; mucosa of pharynx; ; urethra; ; saphenous vein; ; pylorus; ; pericardium; ; vena cava; ; body of tongue;
	Top expressed in
	lip; ; transitional epithelium of urinary bladder; ; ventricular zone; ; middle ear; ; ciliary body; ; embryo; ; tail of embryo; ; Eustachian tube; ; bile duct; ; hair follicle;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein dimerization activity; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; histone deacetylase binding; transcription factor binding; protein binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; chaperone binding; DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; N-box binding; protein homodimerization activity; DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription corepressor activity; E-box binding; sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; intracellular anatomical structure; nucleus; nucleoplasm;
Biological process	pattern specification process; auditory receptor cell fate determination; midbrain-hindbrain boundary morphogenesis; inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization; negative regulation of neuron differentiation; metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis; cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; lateral inhibition; cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis; negative regulation of stem cell differentiation; inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation; negative regulation of pro-B cell differentiation; negative regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation; regulation of neurogenesis; positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway; cochlea development; cell fate commitment; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; lung development; negative regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation; negative regulation of cell differentiation; labyrinthine layer blood vessel development; in utero embryonic development; cell maturation; adenohypophysis development; regulation of timing of neuron differentiation; regulation of fat cell differentiation; transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; telencephalon development; positive regulation of T cell proliferation; neural tube development; pancreas development; hindbrain morphogenesis; smoothened signaling pathway; negative regulation of stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation; ureteric bud morphogenesis; regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation; oculomotor nerve development; regulation of timing of cell differentiation; nervous system development; cell adhesion; positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway; midbrain development; establishment of epithelial cell polarity; pituitary gland development; comma-shaped body morphogenesis; somatic stem cell population maintenance; trochlear nerve development; aorta morphogenesis; negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation; negative regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation; regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation; common bile duct development; renal interstitial fibroblast development; forebrain radial glial cell differentiation; S-shaped body morphogenesis; glomerulus vasculature development; liver development; regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; cell migration; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; ventricular septum morphogenesis; negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation; ascending aorta morphogenesis; outflow tract morphogenesis; positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation; ventricular septum development; vascular associated smooth muscle cell development; embryonic heart tube morphogenesis; positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT; Notch signaling pathway; positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; thymus development; positive regulation of DNA binding; negative regulation of glial cell proliferation; neuronal stem cell population maintenance; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; artery morphogenesis; pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; protein-containing complex assembly; regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT; somitogenesis; cell differentiation; anterior/posterior pattern specification; negative regulation of cell fate determination;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3280
	15205
	ENSG00000114315
	ENSMUSG00000022528
	Q14469
	P35428
	NM_005524
	NM_008235
	NP_005515
	NP_032261
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Transcription factor HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) is a protein that is encoded by the Hes1 gene, and is the mammalian homolog of the hairy gene in Drosophila. HES1 is one of the seven members of the Hes gene family (HES1-7). Hes genes code nuclear proteins that suppress transcription.

This protein belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. It is a transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription. The protein has a particular type of basic domain that contains a helix interrupting protein that binds to the N-box promoter region rather than the canonical enhancer box (E-box). As a member of the bHLH family, it is a transcriptional repressor that influences cell proliferation and differentiation in embryogenesis. HES1 regulates its own expression via a negative feedback loop, and oscillates with approximately 2-hour periodicity.