Halichondria panicea

Halichondria panicea
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Porifera
Class:	Demospongiae
Order:	Suberitida
Family:	Halichondriidae
Genus:	Halichondria
Species:	H. panicea
Binomial name
	Halichondria panicea; (Pallas, 1766)
Synonyms
	List Alcyonium manusdiaboli sensu Esper, 1794; Alcyonium medullare Lamarck, 1815; Alcyonium paniceum (Pallas, 1766); Amorphina appendiculata Schmidt, 1875; Amorphina coccinea (Bowerbank, 1861); Amorphina grisea Fristedt, 1887; Amorphina paciscens Schmidt, 1875; Amorphina panicea (Pallas, 1766); Clathria (Microciona) seriata (Grant, 1826); Clathria (Microciona) tumulosa (Bowerbank, 1882); Clathria seriata (Grant, 1826); Eumastia appendiculata (Schmidt, 1875); Halichondria albescens (Rafinesque, 1818); Halichondria ambigua Bowerbank, 1874; Halichondria bibula (Schmidt, 1870); Halichondria brettii (Bowerbank, 1866); Halichondria caduca Bowerbank, 1866; Halichondria coccinea Bowerbank, 1861; Halichondria coralloides Bowerbank, 1882; Halichondria edusa Bowerbank, 1874; Halichondria firmus (Bowerbank, 1874); Halichondria glabra Bowerbank, 1866; Halichondria grisea (Fristedt, 1887); Halichondria incerta Bowerbank, 1866; Halichondria lactea (Bowerbank, 1866); Halichondria membrana (Bowerbank, 1866); Halichondria paciscens (Schmidt, 1875); Halichondria panacea [lapsus]; Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766); Halichondria pannosus Verrill, 1874; Halichondria papillaris (Linnaeus, 1791); Halichondria reticulata Lieberkühn, 1859; Halichondria reticulata (Bowerbank, 1866); Halichondria sevosa Johnston, 1842; Halichondria topsenti Laubenfels, 1936; Halichondriella corticata Burton, 1931; Halina panicea (Pallas, 1766); Halina papillaris (Pallas, 1766); Halispongia papillaris (Pallas, 1766); Hymeniacidon brettii Bowerbank, 1866; Hymeniacidon coccinea (Bowerbank, 1861); Hymeniacidon fallaciosus Bowerbank, 1866; Hymeniacidon firmus Bowerbank, 1874; Hymeniacidon fragilis Bowerbank, 1866; Hymeniacidon lactea Bowerbank, 1866; Hymeniacidon membrana Bowerbank, 1866; Hymeniacidon parfitti Parfitt, 1868; Hymeniacidon reticulatus Bowerbank, 1866; Hymeniacidon solidus Bowerbank, 1882; Hymeniacidon tegeticula Bowerbank, 1874; Hymeniacidon thomasii Bowerbank, 1866; Isodictya crassa Bowerbank, 1882; Isodictya perplexa Bowerbank, 1882; Menanetia minchini Topsent, 1896; Microciona tumulosa Bowerbank, 1882; Pellina bibula Schmidt, 1870; Seriatula seriata (Grant, 1826); Spongia albescens Rafinesque, 1818; Spongia compacta Sowerby, 1806; Spongia cristata Ellis & Solander, 1786; Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766; Spongia seriata Grant, 1826; Spongia tomentosa Linnaeus, 1767; Spongia urens Ellis & Solander, 1786; Spuma borealis var. tuberosa Miklucho-Maclay, 1870; Spuma borealis var. velamentosa Miklucho-Maclay, 1870; Trachyopsilla glaberrima Burton, 1931;

Halichondria panicea, commonly known as the breadcrumb sponge, is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Halichondriidae. This is an abundant sponge of coastal areas of the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea ranging from the intertidal zone to a recorded depth of over 550 m. It is also found in the intertidal zone of the coast of the northern part of the North Island of New Zealand. It is very tolerant of a wide range of coastal habitats, including strong currents, high salinity and exposure to powerful wave action. Its only requirement is a rocky substrate which can include small cobbles.

Halichondria panicea

Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Porifera
Class:	Demospongiae
Order:	Suberitida
Family:	Halichondriidae
Genus:	Halichondria
Species:	H. panicea
Binomial name
*Halichondria panicea* (Pallas, 1766)
Synonyms
List Alcyonium manusdiaboli sensu Esper, 1794 Alcyonium medullare Lamarck, 1815 Alcyonium paniceum (Pallas, 1766) Amorphina appendiculata Schmidt, 1875 Amorphina coccinea (Bowerbank, 1861) Amorphina grisea Fristedt, 1887 Amorphina paciscens Schmidt, 1875 Amorphina panicea (Pallas, 1766) Clathria (Microciona) seriata (Grant, 1826) Clathria (Microciona) tumulosa (Bowerbank, 1882) Clathria seriata (Grant, 1826) Eumastia appendiculata (Schmidt, 1875) Halichondria albescens (Rafinesque, 1818) Halichondria ambigua Bowerbank, 1874 Halichondria bibula (Schmidt, 1870) Halichondria brettii (Bowerbank, 1866) Halichondria caduca Bowerbank, 1866 Halichondria coccinea Bowerbank, 1861 Halichondria coralloides Bowerbank, 1882 Halichondria edusa Bowerbank, 1874 Halichondria firmus (Bowerbank, 1874) Halichondria glabra Bowerbank, 1866 Halichondria grisea (Fristedt, 1887) Halichondria incerta Bowerbank, 1866 Halichondria lactea (Bowerbank, 1866) Halichondria membrana (Bowerbank, 1866) Halichondria paciscens (Schmidt, 1875) Halichondria panacea [lapsus] Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766) Halichondria pannosus Verrill, 1874 Halichondria papillaris (Linnaeus, 1791) Halichondria reticulata Lieberkühn, 1859 Halichondria reticulata (Bowerbank, 1866) Halichondria sevosa Johnston, 1842 Halichondria topsenti Laubenfels, 1936 Halichondriella corticata Burton, 1931 Halina panicea (Pallas, 1766) Halina papillaris (Pallas, 1766) Halispongia papillaris (Pallas, 1766) Hymeniacidon brettii Bowerbank, 1866 Hymeniacidon coccinea (Bowerbank, 1861) Hymeniacidon fallaciosus Bowerbank, 1866 Hymeniacidon firmus Bowerbank, 1874 Hymeniacidon fragilis Bowerbank, 1866 Hymeniacidon lactea Bowerbank, 1866 Hymeniacidon membrana Bowerbank, 1866 Hymeniacidon parfitti Parfitt, 1868 Hymeniacidon reticulatus Bowerbank, 1866 Hymeniacidon solidus Bowerbank, 1882 Hymeniacidon tegeticula Bowerbank, 1874 Hymeniacidon thomasii Bowerbank, 1866 Isodictya crassa Bowerbank, 1882 Isodictya perplexa Bowerbank, 1882 Menanetia minchini Topsent, 1896 Microciona tumulosa Bowerbank, 1882 Pellina bibula Schmidt, 1870 Seriatula seriata (Grant, 1826) Spongia albescens Rafinesque, 1818 Spongia compacta Sowerby, 1806 Spongia cristata Ellis & Solander, 1786 Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766 Spongia seriata Grant, 1826 Spongia tomentosa Linnaeus, 1767 Spongia urens Ellis & Solander, 1786 Spuma borealis var. tuberosa Miklucho-Maclay, 1870 Spuma borealis var. velamentosa Miklucho-Maclay, 1870 Trachyopsilla glaberrima Burton, 1931