Hutchinson's triad

Hutchinson triad is a triad of signs that may be seen in late congenital syphilis, including: interstitial keratitis, malformed teeth (Hutchinson incisors and mulberry molars), and eighth nerve deafness.

Late congenital syphilis typically manifests after 2 years of age. It is a rare condition due to the high mortality rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of syphilis. Nearly 40% of MTCT of syphilis result in pregnancy loss or neonatal fatality. Additionally, only 15% of liveborn infants are symptomatic.

The triad is named after British surgeon Sir Jonathan Hutchinson. He noted that defects in teeth were a consistent feature in congenital syphilis.

If congenital syphilis is not diagnosed and treated quickly, it may result in significant, permanent physical harm. These potential morbidities include Hutchinson’s triad, thickening of the clavicle, juvenile paresis, juvenile tabes dorsalis, aortitis, and asymptomatic neurosyphilis. Thus highlighting the importance of early screening in pregnant people and neonates, with prompt treatment.