Interleukin 34

IL34
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4DKC, 4DKD, 4DKE, 4DKF
Identifiers
Aliases	IL34, C16orf77, IL-34, Interleukin 34
External IDs	OMIM: 612081; MGI: 1923777; HomoloGene: 12648; GeneCards: IL34; OMA:IL34 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)
End	70,660,682 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (mouse)
End	111,532,556 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	tibial nerve; ; skin of arm; ; spleen; ; skin of abdomen; ; skin of leg; ; sural nerve; ; parotid gland; ; vena cava; ; buccal mucosa cell; ; Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis;
	Top expressed in
	superior frontal gyrus; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; zygote; ; primary visual cortex; ; right kidney; ; lip; ; secondary oocyte; ; muscle of thigh; ; proximal tubule; ; embryo;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding; cytokine activity; growth factor activity; protein binding; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	positive regulation of monocyte differentiation; positive regulation of macrophage differentiation; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; innate immune response; inflammatory response; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; immune system process; regulation of signaling receptor activity; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; microglial cell proliferation; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	146433
	76527
	ENSG00000157368
	ENSMUSG00000031750
	Q6ZMJ4
	Q8R1R4
	NM_001172771; NM_001172772; NM_152456
	NM_001135100; NM_029646
	NP_001166242; NP_001166243; NP_689669
	NP_001128572; NP_083922
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Interleukin 34 (IL-34) is a protein belonging to a group of cytokines called interleukins. It was originally identified in humans, by large scale screening of secreted proteins; chimpanzee, murine, rat and chicken interleukin 34 orthologs have also been found. The protein is composed of 241 amino acids, 39 kilodaltons in mass, and forms homodimers. IL-34 increases growth or survival of immune cells known as monocytes; it elicits its activity by binding the Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of human IL-34 is most abundant in spleen but occurs in several other tissues: thymus, liver, small intestine, colon, prostate gland, lung, heart, brain, kidney, testes, and ovary. The discovery of IL-34 protein in the red pulp of the spleen suggests involvement in growth and development of myeloid cells, consistent with its activity on monocytes.