Islamist uprising in Syria

Islamist uprising in Syria
	Part of the Arab Cold War and Assadist–Saddamist conflict
	; Militants of the Fighting Vanguard (a breakaway faction of the Muslim Brotherhood) in Syria, 1979.
Date	31 May 1976 – 28 February 1982; (5 years, 8 months and 28 days)
Location	Damascus, Hama, Aleppo, Palmyra, and Jisr ash-Shugur, Syria
Result	Syrian government victory Uprising suppressed; Muslim Brotherhood outlawed;
Belligerents
Fighting Vanguard; Muslim Brotherhood (after mid-1979); Pro-Iraqi Ba'athists; Supported by:; Iraq (1980–1982); Jordan; West Germany	Syria; Supported by:; Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Marwan Hadid (Founder of the Fighting Vanguard) ; ʽAdnan ʽUqla (Commander of the Fighting Vanguard) (MIA); Sa`id Hawwa; Adnan Saad al-Din ; Ali al-Bayanouni ; Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda ;	Hafez al-Assad (President of Syria, Commander-in-Chief); Mustafa Tlass (Minister of Defence); Hikmat al-Shihabi (chief of staff of the Syrian Military); Rifaat al-Assad (commander of the Defense Companies); Shafiq Fayadh (commander of the 3rd Armoured Division); Ali Haydar (special forces commander); Ali Duba (director of Military Intelligence); Muhammad al-Khuli (director of Air Intelligence);

The Islamist uprising in Syria comprised a series of protests, assassinations, bombings, and armed revolts led by Sunni Islamists, mainly members of the Fighting Vanguard and, after 1979, the Muslim Brotherhood, from 1976 until 1982. The uprising aimed to establish an Islamic republic in Syria by overthrowing the neo-Ba'athist government, in what was described by the Ba'ath Party as a "long campaign of terror".

After 1980, the popular resistance to Ba'athist rule expanded, with a coalition of Islamist opposition groups coordinating nation-wide strikes, protests and revolts throughout Syria. During the violent events, resistance militias attacked Syrian Arab Army bases and carried out political assassinations of Ba'ath party cadres, army officials, Soviet military advisors, and bureaucrats linked to Assad family. Civilians were also killed in retaliatory strikes conducted by security forces. The uprising reached its climax in the 1982 Hama massacre, during which the Syrian government killed between 5,000-40,000 civilians.