Isoamyl alcohol
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
3-Methylbutan-1-ol | |
| Other names
3-Methyl-1-butanol Isopentyl alcohol Isopentanol Isobutylcarbinol | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.213 |
| KEGG | |
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C5H12O | |
| Molar mass | 88.148 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless liquid |
| Odor | Disagreeable odor in high concentrations |
| Density | 0.8104 g/cm3 at 20 °C |
| Melting point | −117 °C (−179 °F; 156 K) |
| Boiling point | 131.1 °C (268.0 °F; 404.2 K) |
| Slightly soluble, 28 g/L | |
| Solubility | Very soluble in acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol |
| Vapor pressure | 28 mmHg (20 °C) |
| −68.96·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Viscosity | 3.692 mPa·s |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) |
2.382 J/g·K |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−356.4 kJ/mol (liquid) −300.7 kJ/mol (gas) |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Flammable, moderately toxic |
| GHS labelling: | |
| Danger | |
| H226, H302, H305, H315, H318, H332, H335 | |
| P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 43 °C (109 °F; 316 K) |
| 350 °C (662 °F; 623 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 1.2–9% |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
1453 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) 1300 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) |
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3), ST 125 ppm (450 mg/m3) |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
500 ppm |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |
Isoamyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with the formula C
5H
12O, specifically (H3C–)2CH–CH2–CH2–OH. It is one of several isomers of amyl alcohol (pentanol). It is also known as isopentyl alcohol, isopentanol, or (in the IUPAC recommended nomenclature) 3-methyl-butan-1-ol. An obsolete name for it was isobutyl carbinol.
Isoamyl alcohol is an ingredient in the production of banana oil, an ester found in nature and also produced as a flavouring in industry. It is a common fusel alcohol, produced as a major by-product of ethanol fermentation.