József Mindszenty


József Mindszenty
Mindszenty in 1945
ArchdioceseEsztergom
Appointed2 October 1945
Term ended19 December 1973
PredecessorJusztinián György Serédi
SuccessorLászló Lékai
Other post(s)Cardinal Priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio (1946–1974)
Previous post(s)
Orders
Ordination12 June 1915
by János Mikes
Consecration25 March 1944
by Jusztinián György Serédi
Created cardinal18 February 1946
by Pope Pius XII
RankCardinal priest
Personal details
Born
József Pehm

(1892-03-29)March 29, 1892
Died6 May 1975(1975-05-06) (aged 83)
Vienna, Austria
BuriedEsztergom Basilica
Parents
  • József Pehm
  • Borbála Kovács
MottoPannonia Sacra
Signature
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Venerated inCatholic Church
Styles of
József Mindszenty
Reference styleHis Eminence
Spoken styleYour Eminence
Informal styleCardinal
SeeEsztergom
Ordination history of
József Mindszenty
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained byJános Mikes (Szombathely)
Date12 July 1915
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecratorJusztinián György Card. Serédi (Esztergom)
Co-consecratorsLajos Shvoy (Székesfehérvár)
Jozsef Pétery (Vác)
Date25 March 1944
Cardinalate
Date18 February 1946
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by József Mindszenty as principal consecrator
Károly Kolman Papp16 June 1946
László Bánáss30 November 1946
Ferenc Rogács29 June 1948

József Mindszenty (Hungarian pronunciation: [jo:ʒɛf mindsɛnti]; 29 March 1892  6 May 1975) was a Hungarian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Esztergom and leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary from 1945 to 1973. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, for five decades "he personified uncompromising opposition to fascism and communism in Hungary".

During World War II, Mindszenty was imprisoned by the pro-Nazi Arrow Cross Party. After the war, he opposed communism and communist persecution in his country. As a result, he was tortured and given a life sentence in a 1949 show trial that generated worldwide condemnation, including a United Nations resolution.

After eight years in prison, Mindszenty was freed in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and granted political asylum by the United States embassy in Budapest. He lived there for the next fifteen years. He was finally allowed to leave the country in 1971, and died in exile in 1975 in Vienna, Austria.

His cause for sainthood was opened in 1993 and Pope Francis declared him Venerable in 2019.