Jaegaseung

Jaegaseung (Korean: 재가승; Hanja: 在家僧; lit. monks who live in houses) were descendants of Jurchen people who lived in northeastern Korea. They formed villages of married lay monks and produced oatmeal paper called hwangji (黃紙) which was used to pay their taxes. The monastic identity of the lay monks was seen as anti-socialist by the government of North Korea, and, consequently, the Jaegaseung were forcibly assimilated into Korean culture on the orders of North Korean president Kim Il Sung.