Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
| Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad | |
|---|---|
| جماعة التوحيد والجهاد | |
A flag that was in use by Jama'at al-Tawhid wal Jihad around the late 2004 | |
| Founder | Abu Musab al-Zarqawi † |
| Leaders | Abu Musab al-Zarqawi † Abu Anas al-Shami † Omar Husayn Hadid al-Muhammadi † |
| Dates of operation | 1999–17 October 2004 |
| Headquarters | Fallujah |
| Active regions | Iraq, limited in Jordan |
| Ideology | |
| Allies | Ansar al-Islam (associate) Islamic Army of Iraq (sometimes) Ansar al-Sunnah (sometimes) Jaish al-Rashideen (sometimes) Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance (sometimes) Jeish Muhammad (sometimes) |
| Opponents | Multi-National Force – Iraq Coalition Provisional Authority United States Jordan Iran Turkey Japan United Nations |
| Battles and wars | |
| Designated as a terrorist group by | |
| History of the Islamic State |
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Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (1999‑2004) Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004‑2006) Jama'at Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jama'ah (2003‑2006) Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah (2004‑2006) Mujahideen Shura Council (2006) Islamic State of Iraq (2006‑2013) Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant |
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Territorial claims (Administrative divisions)
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Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Arabic: جماعة التوحيد والجهاد, lit. 'Congregation of Monotheism and Jihad'), abbreviated as JTJ or Jama'at, was a Salafi jihadist militant group. It was founded in Jordan in 1999, and was led by Jordanian national Abu Musab al-Zarqawi for the entirety of its existence. During the Iraqi insurgency (2003–11), the group became a decentralized network with foreign fighters with a considerable Iraqi membership.
On 17 October 2004, al-Zarqawi pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network, and the group became known as Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (commonly known as al-Qaeda in Iraq or Tanzim). After several mergers with other groups and the formation of the Mujahideen Shura Council, it changed its name several times until it called itself Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) in 2006.