Kalawao County, Hawaii

Kalawao County
Kalaupapa peninsula
Location within the U.S. state of Hawaii
Hawaii's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 21°11′49″N 156°58′02″W / 21.196944444444°N 156.96722222222°W / 21.196944444444; -156.96722222222
Country United States
State Hawaii
Founded1905
Named afterKalawao
Seatnone (administered by Hawaii Dept. of Health)
Largest communityKalaupapa
Area
  Total
53 sq mi (140 km2)
  Land12 sq mi (30 km2)
  Water41 sq mi (110 km2)  77.3%
Population
 (2020)
  Total
82
  Density1.5/sq mi (0.60/km2)
Time zoneUTC−10 (Hawaii–Aleutian)
Congressional district2nd

Kalawao County (Hawaiian: Kalana o Kalawao) is a county in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is the smallest county in the 50 states by land area and the second-smallest county by population, after Loving County, Texas. The county encompasses the peninsula on the north coast of the island of Molokaʻi. The peninsula was developed and used from 1866 to 1969 for settlements for treatment of quarantined persons with Hansen's disease (leprosy), chosen because it is isolated from the rest of Molokaʻi by cliffs over a quarter-mile high; the only land access is a mule trail.

Due to the small population (82 as of the 2020 United States census), Kalawao County does not have the same functions as other Hawaii counties. Instead, it operates as a judicial district of Maui County, which includes the rest of the island of Molokaʻi. The county has no elected government.