Kalmyk Khanate
Kalmyk Khanate Kalmyk: Хальмг хана улс | |||||||||||||
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| 1630–1771 | |||||||||||||
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Banner granted by Elizabeth of Russia to Donduk Dashi as a Khan of Kalmykia | |||||||||||||
| State Seal of Ayuka Khan: | |||||||||||||
Map of the Kalmyk Khanate | |||||||||||||
| Status | Khanate | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Ayuka Khan's residence (1697–1724) | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | Kalmyk, Russian | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Tibetan Buddhism (Gelug and Karma Kagyu) | ||||||||||||
| Government | Hereditary monarchy | ||||||||||||
| Khan | |||||||||||||
• 1633–1644 | Kho Orluk (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1761–1771 | Ubashi Khan (last) | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Established by the Oirat Mongols | 1630 | ||||||||||||
• Annexed by Russia | 1771 | ||||||||||||
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The Kalmyk Khanate (Kalmyk: Хальмг хана улс, Xal'mg xana uls) was an Oirat Mongol khanate on the Eurasian steppe. It extended over modern Kalmykia and surrounding areas in the North Caucasus, including Stavropol and Astrakhan. During their independence, the Kalmyks both raided and allied with Russia in turn, engaging in numerous military expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, the Ottoman Empire, neighboring Muslim tribes, and the highlanders of the North Caucasus. The Khanate was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1771.